Developer Blog

Tipps und Tricks für Entwickler und IT-Interessierte

WordPress asking for FTP credentials

by Ralph Wordpress

If you’re asked to enter your FTP credentials when you try to install or update a plugin or theme in the WordPress dashboard, it’s because of a specific setting in the wp-config.php file. Follow the steps below to prevent WordPress from displaying this FTP prompt.

  1. Find the folder with your WordPress files and open the wp-config.php file.
  2. At the bottom of the wp-config.php file, above the line that says 
    /* That's all, stop editing! Happy publishing. */,
    add the following lines of code:
define('FS_METHOD', 'direct'); 
define('FS_CHMOD_DIR',0755); 
define('FS_CHMOD_FILE',0644);

Power Shell | Inside Powershell

by Ralph Power Shell

Language

Switches

Basic Syntax

Let’s start by taking a look at a basic switch statement.

$i = 1;
switch ($i)
{
1 {
write-host “one”
break
}
2 {
write-host “two”
write-host “two”
break
}
default {
write-host “other”
break
}
}
Notice we don’t use the Case: keyword at all.
The default in PowerShell is to assume -eq is used between your input and typed case value. This means No Case Sensitivity and No Wild Cards:
switch(“hello”) #will match uppercase
{
“HELLO” {write-host “Uppercase” -ForegroundColor Magenta;break}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green;break}
}
switch(“hello”) #will NOT match h*
{
“h*” {write-host “wildcard” -ForegroundColor Magenta;break}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green;break}
}
Expression Match
We have a long-hand switch statement that lets us use whatever we want (-eq, -gt, -le, -like, straight up boolean values, etc.)
Psudo-code:Switch($value) { {<bool expression>} {<code>} {<bool expression>} {<code>} default {<code>} }
Real:
switch(“hello”) #will match uppercase
{
“HELLO” {write-host “Uppercase” -ForegroundColor Magenta;break}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green;break}
}
switch(“hello”) #will NOT match h*
{
“h*” {write-host “wildcard” -ForegroundColor Magenta;break}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green;break}
}
Jump Statements aren’t necessary
C# requires jump statements such as break, goto, or return. PowerShell does not!
This is one of the coolest features in PowerShell. We actually allow for continuous case- checks.
This means your switches can actually act more like a bunch of independent if statements. Notice the previous example, without any of the “break statements” and using a number that is less than 5, 10 and 15.
$num = 4
Switch($num)
{
{$num -lt 5} {write-host “less than 5!” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
{$num -lt 10} {write-host “less than 10!” -ForegroundColor green}
{$num -lt 15} {write-host “less than 15!” -ForegroundColor cyan}
default {write-host “greater than or equal to 15” -ForegroundColor yellow}
}
Loops and $_
It might be common for you to take a bunch of data, do a foreach loop through it and send each value through your switch:
$nums = 1..15
foreach($num in $nums)
{
Switch($num)
{
{$num -lt 5} {write-host “$num is less than 5!” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
{$num -lt 10} {write-host “$num is less than 10!” -ForegroundColor green}
{$num -lt 15} {write-host “$num is less than 15!” -ForegroundColor cyan}
default {write-host “$num is greater than or equal to 15” -ForegroundColor yellow}
}
}
However, PowerShell actually has a loop and $_ built right into your switch so we can chop off the foreach completely:
$nums = 1..15
Switch($nums)
{
{$_ -lt 5} {write-host “$_ is less than 5!” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
{$_ -lt 10} {write-host “$_ is less than 10!” -ForegroundColor green}
{$_ -lt 15} {write-host “$_ is less than 15!” -ForegroundColor cyan}
default {write-host “$_ is greater than or equal to 15” -ForegroundColor yellow}
}
This lets us write some really concise and convenient little code blocks. The nice thing is that if our list has 1 object it still gets handled fine, and if it’s an empty collection it will just skip the whole switch!
This, however, can lead to some confusion if you try to use “break” since our loop is also the whole switch statement:
$nums = 1..15
Switch($nums)
{
{$_ -lt 5} {write-host “$_ is less than 5!” -ForegroundColor Magenta;break}
{$_ -lt 10} {write-host “$_ is less than 10!” -ForegroundColor green;break}
{$_ -lt 15} {write-host “$_ is less than 15!” -ForegroundColor cyan;break}
default {write-host “$_ is greater than or equal to 15” -ForegroundColor yellow}
}
view rawLoopSwitchSample3.ps1 hosted with ❤ by GitHub
Uh-oh, not good.
We also have “continue” in PowerShell and this will stop our current iteration of our loop (or switch) so we can use the looping feature and make it like a bunch of elseifs:
$nums = 1..15
Switch($nums)
{
{$_ -lt 5} {write-host “$_ is less than 5!” -ForegroundColor Magenta;continue}
{$_ -lt 10} {write-host “$_ is less than 10!” -ForegroundColor green;continue}
{$_ -lt 15} {write-host “$_ is less than 15!” -ForegroundColor cyan;continue}
default {write-host “$_ is greater than or equal to 15” -ForegroundColor yellow}
}
Shortcuts
In addition to the looping, we provide you a few other handy short cuts.
If you just wanted a basic equality switch, but would want to use -ceq (case sensitivity), -like (wild cards), or -match (regex) we let you do that without writing an expression match via some parameters.
Notice, weirdly, the parameters must come between the word “switch” and the parenthesis, they won’t work at the end of the parenthesis.
switch -casesensitive (“hello”) #makes it a -ceq
{
“HELLO” {write-host “Uppercase” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green}
“h*” {write-host “wildcard” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
}
switch -wildcard (“hello”) #makes it a -like
{
“HELLO” {write-host “Uppercase” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green}
“h*” {write-host “wildcard” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
}
switch -wildcard -CaseSensitive (“hello”) #makes it a -clike
{
“HELLO” {write-host “Uppercase” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
“hello” {write-host “lowercase” -ForegroundColor green}
“h*” {write-host “wildcard” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
}
switch -regex (“hello”) #makes it a -match
{
“\w{5}” {write-host “5 characters” -ForegroundColor Magenta}
“\w{6}” {write-host “6 characters” -ForegroundColor green}
}
CommandLets
  • Get-Alias
  • New-Alias
  • Set-Alias
  • Export-Alias
  • Import-Alias 
Function
To see the definition of mkdir use
Get-Content Function:\mkdir
   
Daily Azure: Migrate a Storge Account
  by Ralph  Azure, Daily
TL;DR
Migration is done via azcopy:
  • download souce container to local folder
  • upload local folder to destination container
Get AzCopy
Here is the script install-azcopy.ps1:
# Download and extract

#
$URI = "https://aka.ms/downloadazcopy-v10-windows"
$DST = "~\AppData\Local\Programs\AZCopy\"

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $URI -OutFile AzCopy.zip -UseBasicParsing
Expand-Archive ./AzCopy.zip ./AzCopy -Force

# Move AzCopy
mkdir ~\AppData\Local\Programs\AZCopy
Get-ChildItem ./AzCopy/*/azcopy.exe | Move-Item -Destination "~\$DEST"

# Add AzCopy to PATH
$userenv = (Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:\Environment' -Name Path).path
$newPath = "$userenv
New-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:\Environment' -Name Path -Value $newPath -Force

# Clean the kitchen
del -Force AzCopy.zip
del -Force -Recurse .\AzCopy\
Copy Folder
param (
    $FOLDER = "",

    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [string]$TYPE   = "latest",

    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
    [switch]$LOGIN
)

if ($TYPE -eq "latest") {
    $SRC_ROOT="<latest-folder>"
    $DST_ROOT="latest"
} else {
    $SRC_ROOT="<history-folder>"
    $DST_ROOT="history"
}


$SRC_ACCCOUNT = "<source storage account>";
$DST_ACCCOUNT = "<destination storage account>";

$SRC_CONTAINER = "<source container>"
$DST_CONTAINER = "<destination container>"


$SRC_URL      = "https://${SRC_ACCCOUNT}.blob.core.windows.net/$SRC_CONTAINER/$SRC_ROOT/$FOLDER/"
$DST_URL      = "https://${DST_ACCCOUNT}.blob.core.windows.net/$DST_CONTAINER/$DST_ROOT/"

$TMP_FLDR     = "C:\TMP\Downloads"

Write-Host  "== Copy     '$FOLDER'"
Write-Host "       from  $SRC_URL"
Write-Host  "        to  $DST_URL"

#

if ($LOGIN) {
    $ENV:AZCOPY_CRED_TYPE = "OAuthToken";
    $ENV:AZCOPY_CONCURRENCY_VALUE = "AUTO";

    azcopy login
}

Write-Host  "== Download ======================================================"
Write-Host "       from  $SRC_URL"
Write-Host  "        to  $TMP_FLDR\$CONTAINER"

azcopy copy         $SRC_URL                                                                                      `
                    $TMP_FLDR                                                                                     `
                    --trusted-microsoft-suffixes=${SRC_ACCCOUNT}.blob.core.windows.net                            `
                    --overwrite=true                                                                              `
                    --check-md5=FailIfDifferent                                                                   `
                    --from-to=BlobLocal                                                                           `
                    --recursive                                                                                   `
                    --log-level=ERROR

# Upload
Write-Host  "== Upload   ======================================================"
Write-Host  "      from  $TMP_FLDR\$CONTAINER"
Write-Host  "        to  $DST_URL"

azcopy copy         $TMP_FLDR\$CONTAINER                         `
                    $DST_URL                                     `
                    --overwrite=true                             `
                    --from-to=LocalBlob                          `
                    --blob-type BlockBlob                        `
                    --follow-symlinks                            `
                    --check-length=true                          `
                    --put-md5                                    `
                    --follow-symlinks                            `
                    --disable-auto-decoding=false                `
                    --recursive                                  `
                    --log-level=ERROR

Call the script
First call should use -login to authenticate
.\copy.ps1 demo-folder-1 -login
Then, following commands dont need the login
.\copy.ps1 demo-folder-2
   
WordPress – Working with CLI
  by Ralph  Wordpress
Working with CLI
Basic work with posts
Search post content.
wp post list --s="text" --fields=ID,post_title,url
Find posts with ping status “open”.
wp post list --ping_status="open"
And if you only want to get the post IDs:
wp post list --ping_status="open" --fields=ID
Update ping status to “closed” where the value is “open”.
wp post update $(wp post list --ping_status="open" --format=ids) --ping_status="closed";
Search and replace
Search and replace post content.
bashwp search-replace "old thing" "new thing" --all-tables
Post meta
List all metadata associated with a post.
bashwp post meta list 1422 --format=json
Get specific post meta for a post.
bashwp post meta get 1422 "meta_key" --format=json
Update post meta.
bashwp post meta update 1422 "meta_key" "meta_value"
Update post meta from a file.
bashwp post meta update 1422 "post_meta" < file.json --format=json
Delete post meta.
bashwp post meta delete 1422 "post_meta"
Delete all post meta by specific key. (With wp db query.)
bashwp db query "DELETE FROM `wp_postmeta` WHERE `meta_key` = 'NAME_OF_YOUR_META_KEY'"

List posts by meta key or value.
bashwp post list --fields=ID,post_title,url --meta_key="meta_key"
wp post list --fields=ID,post_title,url --meta_key="meta_key" --meta_compare="NOT EXISTS"
wp post list --post_type="post_type" --fields=ID,post_title,url --meta_key="meta_key" --meta_compare="NOT EXISTS"
wp post list --fields=ID,post_title,url --meta_key="_wp_page_template" --meta_value="page-templates/post-full-grid.php"
The meta_compare flag also accepts "LIKE" as a value, so that you can do:
phpwp post list --fields=ID,post_title,url --meta_key='meta_key' --meta_compare='LIKE' --meta_value='value'
Update meta where it’s missing.
bashwp post meta update $(wp post list --post_type="post_type" --meta_key="meta_key" --meta_compare="NOT EXISTS" --format=ids) "meta_key" "meta_value"
Update post meta for all posts in a category.
bashwp post meta update $(wp post list --category_name="category" --format=ids) "meta_key" "meta_value"
Save meta value based on an existing meta value. In this example I’m looping through all post with a specific post type and saving the URL of the featured image to the post’s meta.
bashfor id in $(wp post list --post_type="post_type" --fields=ID --meta_key="meta_key" --meta_compare="NOT EXISTS")
do
    wp post meta update $id "meta_key" $(wp post meta pluck $(wp post meta get $id _thumbnail_id) _wp_attachment_metadata file)
done
Show specific meta value for posts based on a category.
bashfor id in $(wp post list --post_type="post_type" --fields=ID --category="category name")
do
    wp post meta get $id "meta_key"
done
Export/import all meta.
bashwp post meta list 1422 --format=json > 1422_meta.json
wp post update 1422 --meta_input= < 1422_meta.json
Working with post terms
Move posts from one tag to another.
bashfor id in $(wp post list --tag=OLD_TAG --format=ids)
do
    wp post term remove $id post_tag OLD_TAG --by=slug
    wp post term add $id post_tag NEW_TAG --by=slug
done

Delete Posts
Delete all posts from a custom post type. (Adding --force will skip the trash and remove the posts completely.)
bashwp post delete $(wp post list --post_type='activity' --format=ids) --force
If you’re trying to delete too many posts at once, you might get an error like this:
bashPHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of xxx bytes exhausted
Or perhaps this one:
bashArgument list too long
One way around this is to limit how many posts you’re deleting at once using the posts_per_page option, for example:
bashwp post delete $(wp post list --post_type='activity' --posts_per_page=50000 --format=ids) --force
Delete posts with specific meta key.
bashwp post delete $(wp post list --format=ids --meta_key="meta_key")
Delete posts with specific meta key and meta value.
bashwp post delete $(wp post list --format=ids --meta_key="meta_key" --meta_value="meta_value")
Delete posts where a specific meta key is missing.
bashwp post delete $(wp post list --format=ids --meta_key="meta_key" --meta_compare="NOT EXISTS")
Post revisions
List all revisions.
bashwp post list --post_type=revision
List revisions for a specific post.
bashwp post list --post_parent=1422 --post_type=revision
Get more info on revisions for a specific post.
bashfor id in $(wp post list --post_parent=1422 --post_type=revision --fields=ID)
do
    wp post get $id
done
Site Options
Change the site URL.
bashwp option update home 'https://example.com'
wp option update siteurl 'https://example.com'
Plugins
List active plugins.
bashwp plugin list --status=active
Activate/deactivate plugins.
bashwp plugin activate plugin-1 plugin-2 plugin-3
wp plugin deactivate plugin-1 plugin-2 plugin-3
Users
Update user password.
wp user update USER_ID --user_pass="newpassword"
WP CLI cheatsheet
check database size
Returns sizes of all database tables in a human friendly format.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/size/
wp db size --human-readable --tables
 copy
check db status
Run health check on the database set in the wp-config.php file. It reports status of each database table separately in the output.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/check/
wp db check
 copy
check for updates
Checks if WP-CLI is due for an update.
wp cli check-update
 copy
check version
Return WP CLI version.
wp cli version
 copy
configure wordpress
Creates config.php file. Requires mysql cli to be installed.
wp config create --dbname=yourdbname --dbuser=root --prompt=dbpassword
 copy
count all posts
This command searches for all posts in the database and returns the count number.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/post/list/
wp post list --format=count 
 copy
download wordpress
Download latest version of WordPress core files to current directory.
wp core download
 copy
edit config
Opens wp-config.php file in the default text editor.
wp config edit
 copy
export
Exports WXR file containing XML formatted data about your site including posts, comments and information about images and other attachments. Site option settings are excluded.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/export/
wp export
 copy
export single page
By combining the following flags you can export a single page from WordPress. First set the post type you want to export (page) then set the ID of the post, and finally limit the command to only fetch a single post. Skipping comments is optional.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/export/
wp export --skip_comments --post_type=page --post__in=4995 --max_num_posts=1
 copy
generate salts
This command will generate authentication unique keys and salts in your wp-config.php file.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/config/shuffle-salts/
wp config shuffle-salts
 copy
get media image sizes
List all defined image sizes, their width, height and the crop details.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/media/image-size/
wp media image-size
 copy
import
Imports WXR files.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/import/
wp import yoursiteexample.wordpress.2021-09-22.000.xml
 copy
import to sub-site
You can import WXR data files to specific site in the multi-site installation. The –url flag identifies the site you want to migrate data to. Skipping authors is optional.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/import/
wp import yoursiteexample.wordpress.2021-10-15.000.xml --authors=skip --url=http://yoursite.com/subsite
 copy
install plugin
Install a plugin in your WordPress site. By passing –activate flag you can enable your new plugin in one command.
wp plugin install [pluginhandle] --activate
 copy
list all pages
This command is based on the “wp post list” used to return all posts but the “–post_type=page” flag changes the search scope to return only pages. By default the output if formatted as a table and includes page ID, title, slug, creation date, and the status.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/post/list/
wp post list --post_type=page
 copy
list all post meta
Use post ID to return all related meta data. By default it returns data as a table but other formats are available, for example you can use this flag –format=json to get data as json.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/post/meta/list/
wp post meta list <ID>
 copy
list custom post type
Returns a table of custom posts with a type specified using the –post_type flag.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/post/list/
wp post list --post_type=movie
 copy
list database table columns
Lists all columns in a given database table. You will need to pass a table name as the argument. List of the default WordPress tables – wp_commentmeta, wp_comments, wp_links, wp_options, wp_postmeta, wp_posts, wp_term_relationships, wp_term_taxonomy, wp_termmeta, wp_terms, wp_usermeta, wp_users.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/columns/
wp db columns {tabel name}
 copy
list database tables
Lists all tables in the database connected to your site.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/tables/
wp db tables
 copy
list post types
Returns a table of all post types including custom posts.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/post-type/
wp post-type list
 copy
list posts
Returns a table of all posts including ID, title, name, date and status.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/post/list/
wp post list
 copy
list sites
If you’re running a multi-site WordPress installation you can return a handy table presenting blog ID, URL, and update dates of each site instance.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/site/list/
wp site list
 copy
list taxonomies
Returns a table of all registered taxonomies including categories, post tags, navigation menus, themes, custom taxonomies and more.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/taxonomy/list/
wp taxonomy list
 copy
maintenance-mode activate
Puts your site in a maintenance mode and returns “Briefly unavailable for scheduled maintenance. Check back in a minute.” message with a 503 server response.
wp maintenance-mode activate
 copy
maintenance-mode deactivate
Takes your site out of maintenance mode.
wp maintenance-mode deactivate
 copy
maintenance-mode status
Returns maintenance mode status of your site.
wp maintenance-mode status
open mysql cli
Connects to the database set in your wp-config.php file using MySQL CLI.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/cli/
wp db cli
optimize database
Runs MySQL optimizer on the connected database.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/optimize/
wp db optimize
regenerate thumbnails
Regenerate all thumbnail image sizes stored in the media library. The –yes flag confirms your choice.
wp media regenerate --yes
 copy
scaffold plugin
This command will generate basic files and structure for a new plugin. Use –skip-tests flag to omit php unit tests in the process.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/scaffold/plugin/
wp scaffold plugin your-plugin-slug
 copy
scaffold theme
Generates un-styled main theme with all the necessary files and views to display content.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/scaffold/_s/
wp scaffold _s your-theme-slug --theme_name="Theme Name" --author="Your Name"
 copy
search string in DB
You can search for a string in connected WordPress database. The –stats flag will append details about the search like matches found and tables searched.
Reference:https://developer.wordpress.org/cli/commands/db/search/
wp db search <string_to_find> --stats
update all plugins
Updates all installed plugins.
wp plugin update --all
update wp-cli
Update WP-CLI to the latest version.
wp cli update
wp-cli info
Prints information to the console about WP CLI and its environment such as version, OS, PHP, MySQL.
   
JQ – Cheatsheet
  by Ralph  Allgemein
Installing jq
On Mac OS
brew install jq
Useful arguments
When running jq, the following arguments may become handy:
ArgumentDescription
--versionOutput the jq version and exit with zero.
--sort-keysOutput the fields of each object with the keys in sorted order.
Basic concepts
The syntax for jq is pretty coherent:
SyntaxDescription
,Filters separated by a comma will produce multiple independent outputs
?Will ignores error if the type is unexpected
[]Array construction
{}Object construction
+Concatenate or Add
–Difference of sets or Substract
lengthSize of selected element
|Pipes are used to chain commands in a similar fashion than bash
Dealing with json objects
DescriptionCommand
Display all keysjq 'keys'
Adds + 1 to all itemsjq 'map_values(.+1)'
Delete a keyjq 'del(.foo)'
Convert an object to arrayto_entries &#124; map([.key, .value])
Dealing with fields
DescriptionCommand
Concatenate two fieldsfieldNew=.field1+' '+.field2
Dealing with json arrays
Slicing and Filtering
DescriptionCommand
Alljq .[]
Firstjq '.[0]'
Rangejq '.[2:4]'
First 3jq '.[:3]'
Last 2jq '.[-2:]'
Before Lastjq '.[-2]'
Select array of int by valuejq 'map(select(. >= 2))'
Select array of objects by value** jq ‘.[] | select(.id == “second”)’**
Select by type** jq ‘.[] | numbers’ ** with type been arrays, objects, iterables, booleans, numbers, normals, finites, strings, nulls, values, scalars
Mapping and Transforming
DescriptionCommand
Add + 1 to all itemsjq 'map(.+1)'
Delete 2 itemsjq 'del(.[1, 2])'
Concatenate arraysjq 'add'
Flatten an arrayjq 'flatten'
Create a range of numbersjq '[range(2;4)]'
Display the type of each itemjq 'map(type)'
Sort an array of basic typejq 'sort'
Sort an array of objectsjq 'sort_by(.foo)'
Group by a key – opposite to flattenjq 'group_by(.foo)'
Minimun value of an arrayjq 'min' .See also min, max, min_by(path_exp), max_by(path_exp)
Remove duplicatesjq 'unique' or jq 'unique_by(.foo)' or jq 'unique_by(length)'
Reverse an arrayjq 'reverse'
   
XAMPP – Setup HTTPS/SSL localhost on macOS
  by Ralph  Apache, XAMPP
Original Post from here
Preparation
1. Check XAMPP SSL config
Open /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/httpd.conf and make sure your settings are the same as below:
LoadModule socache_shmcb_module lib/httpd/modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
<IfModule ssl_module>
    <IfDefine SSL>
        Include etc/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
    </IfDefine>
</IfModule>
Test SSL config with this command:
sudo /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/xampp enablessl
2. Backup httpd-ssl.conf
  • Go to: /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/extra
  • Copy httpd-ssl.conf & paste as httpd-ssl.conf.bak
3. Edit httpd-ssl.conf
  • Open /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
  • Change default port from 8443 to 443
#Listen 8443
Listen 443
  • Find this line and remove everything below it
## SSL Virtual Host Context
Setup HTTPS/SSL localhost
Open Terminal
4. Create SSL folder to store SSL files
cd
/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/
mkdir ssl
cd ssl
5. Create SSL CSR & private key
You can use any file name here (just replace localhost)
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout localhost.key -out localhost.csr
Enter info as below. Note: change localhost to your localhost domain name (ex: www.domain.name)
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:VN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:HCM
Locality Name (eg, city) []:HCM
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:VN
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:VN
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:<strong>localhost</strong>
Email Address []:abc@gmail.com
There are 2 more information may be asked:
  • A challenge password
  • An optional company name
Leave this information BLANK (just Enter, no need to input anything)
6. Create .ext file
touch localhost.ext
Copy & paste below content to v3.ext file
Note: change localhost to your localhost domain name
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = localhost
7. Create SSL CRT
openssl x509 -req -sha256 -extfile localhost.ext -days 3650 -in localhost.csr -signkey localhost.key -out localhost.crt
8. Add SSL CRT to macOS Keychain
  • Double click on localhost.crt on Finder
  • Select Keychain: System then click Add
XAMPP - Setup HTTPS/SSL localhost on macOS
  • Find & double click on localhost cert in Keychain Access
  • Expand Trust, select When using this certificates: Always Trust
XAMPP - Setup HTTPS/SSL localhost on macOS
  • Close the window and click Update Settings
9. Config SSL in XAMPP virtual host
Open /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
Update your config:
from
<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerName localhost
	DocumentRoot "/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/htdocs"
</VirtualHost>
to
<VirtualHost *:443>
	ServerName localhost
	DocumentRoot "/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/htdocs"

	SSLEngine on
	SSLCertificateFile "/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/ssl/localhost.crt"
	SSLCertificateKeyFile "/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/ssl/localhost.key"
</VirtualHost>
10. Open Chrome and access https://localhost.
   
WSL: Wrong Date
  by Ralph  Allgemein
When checking the date in WSl, it display the wrong date
❯ date
Wed Jul 26 15:28:20 CEST 2023
So setup the correct date, you could run either
❯ sudo hwclock -s
or setup a timesync daemon (described here)
Add these lines to the /etc/wsl.conf (note you will need to run your editor with sudo privileges, e.g: sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf):
[boot]
systemd=true

And close out of the nano editor using CTRL+O to save and CTRL+X to exit. Now close your WSL distro windows and run wsl.exe --shutdown from PowerShell, then restart your WSL instance. Upon launch you should have systemd running.
Now install systemd-timesyncd:
sudo apt install systemd-timesyncd
sudo systemctl edit systemd-timesyncd

In the second step, when editing, add the two lines beginning with [Unit], as shown below:
Now start it:
sudo systemctl start systemd-timesyncd

Check status with:
timedatectl status
timedatectl timesync-status
   
Angular | Working with Angular Examples
  by Ralph  Angular
General
On the Angular Website, there are a lot of examples.
You could download each of them and look around. In this post, i will show you to do this at once for all examples.
So, we will
  • get list of all examples
  • download zip files of examples
  • extract examples
Preparation
First, we define some variables for the Chrom Browser and the resulting output files.
# Mac OS
CHROME=/Applications/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium

# Windows WSL
CHROME='/mnt/c/Program Files/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe'

LISTOFZIPS=listofzips
Download List of examples
Next, we will download the list of examples from https://angular.io/guide/example-apps-list.
This is not a static html file. The list will be created dynamically when viewing the page. So, only download the page with wget or curl does not help, because we need to run the JavaScript code in the browser to create the list.
Therefore, we will use Chrome in headless mode: Load the page and dump the contents of the page (dom) into a file
do_get_list() {
        "$CHROME" --headless --dump-dom https://angular.io/guide/example-apps-list | tr '>' '>\n ' >${LISTOFZIPS}.html

        echo "##. Download List of Examples"
        echo "    #Examples: ($(grep 'href="guide/' listofzips.html | wc -l))"
}
Then, we will extract all the links to the zip examples files.
A quick look into the html file shows, that the html code with the links looks like this:
We need the part in the href of the <a tag.
  • First, we will split the html file, so that every html tag will be on a separate line.
  • Then, we will cut out only the parts between apostrophes.
  • Then, we search all files containing “.zip” and the end of the line ($)
do_extract() {
        cat ${LISTOFZIPS}.html                                          |\
        tr ' ' '\n'                                                     |\
        cut -d \" -f2                                                   |\
        grep -e '.zip$'                                                 > ${LISTOFZIPS}

        echo "generated/zips/component-overview/component-overview.zip" >> ${LISTOFZIPS}

        echo "##. Extract zip files ($(wc -l ${LISTOFZIPS}))"
        echo "    #Examples: ($(wc -l ${LISTOFZIPS}))"
}
The result will be the list of URL’s for each example.
Download Examples
Next, for each of these example $ZIP, we will download the zip from the Angular Website with wget -q https://angular.io/$ZIP
do_download() {
        echo "##. Download Zips"

        (
                rm    -rf zip
                mkdir -p  zip
                cd        zip

                cat ../$LISTOFZIPS | while read ZIP
                do
                        echo "Download $ZIP"
                        if [ ! -f $ZIP ]; then
                                wget -q https://angular.io/$ZIP
                        fi
                done

                rm *.zip.1
        )
}
Extract ZIP Files
do_unzip() {
        echo "##. Unzip"

        rm    -rf src
        mkdir -p  src

        find zip -type f -exec basename {} \; | \
        while read FILE
        do
                FLDR=${FILE/.zip/}
                echo unzip zip/$FILE -d src/$FLDR
                unzip zip/$FILE -d src/$FLDR
        done
}
Upgrade all node modules to current version
We will need toe tool npm-check-updates for this.
Install it with
npm install -g npm-check-updates
ncu updates all packages to the latest version. Some Angular Examples require an earlier version of Typescript, so, after upgrade i changes the Typescript Version to 4.9.5
do_upgrade() {
	echo "##. Upgrade"

	(
		cd src
		ls | \
		while read FLDR
		do 
			echo "     $FLDR"
			(
				cd $FLDR
				ncu -u
				#     "typescript": "~4.9.3"
				sed -i '1,$s/"typescript": ".*"/"typescript": "~4.9.5"/' package.json
				# pnpm install
			)
		done
	)
}
Appendix
The code for the complete script is here:
#!/bin/bash

# Mac OS
CHROME=/Applications/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium

# Windows WSL
CHROME='/mnt/c/Program Files/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe'

LISTOFZIPS=listofzips

do_get_list() {
        "$CHROME" --headless --dump-dom https://angular.io/guide/example-apps-list | tr '>' '>\n ' >${LISTOFZIPS}.html

        echo "##. Download List of Examples"
        echo "    #Examples: ($(grep 'href="guide/' listofzips.html | wc -l))"
}

do_extract() {
        cat ${LISTOFZIPS}.html                                          |\
        tr ' ' '\n'                                                                     |\
        cut -d \" -f2                                                           |\
        grep -e '.zip$'                                                         > ${LISTOFZIPS}

        echo "generated/zips/component-overview/component-overview.zip" >> ${LISTOFZIPS}

        echo "##. Extract zip files ($(wc -l ${LISTOFZIPS}))"
        echo "    #Examples: ($(wc -l ${LISTOFZIPS}))"
}

do_download() {
        echo "##. Download Zips"

        (
                rm    -rf zip
                mkdir -p  zip
                cd        zip

                cat ../$LISTOFZIPS | while read ZIP
                do
                        echo "Download $ZIP"
                        if [ ! -f $ZIP ]; then
                                wget -q https://angular.io/$ZIP
                        fi
                done

                rm *.zip.1
        )
}

do_unzip() {
        echo "##. Unzip"

        rm    -rf src
        mkdir -p  src

        find zip -type f -exec basename {} \; | \
        while read FILE
        do
                FLDR=${FILE/.zip/}
                echo unzip zip/$FILE -d src/$FLDR
                unzip zip/$FILE -d src/$FLDR
        done
}

do_upgrade() {
	echo "##. Upgrade"

	(
		cd src
		ls | \
		while read FLDR
		do 
			echo "     $FLDR"
			(
				cd $FLDR
				ncu -u
				#     "typescript": "~4.9.3"
				sed -i '1,$s/"typescript": ".*"/"typescript": "~4.9.5"/' package.json
				# pnpm install
			)
		done
	)
}


case "$1" in
        "get")       do_get_list;;
        "extract")   do_extract;;
        "download")  do_download;;
        "unzip")     do_unzip;;
        "upgrade")   do_upgrade;;
        *)

                echo "run $0 get|extract|download|unzip";;
esac
   
Podman | Getting Started
  by Ralph  Container, Podman
TL;DR
Take alook at the Podman Website
❯ brew install podman
❯ brew machine init
❯ podman machine start
Starting machine “podman-machine-default”
Waiting for VM …
Mounting volume… /Users:/Users
Mounting volume… /private:/private
Mounting volume… /var/folders:/var/folders
This machine is currently configured in rootless mode. If your containers
require root permissions (e.g. ports < 1024), or if you run into compatibility
issues with non-podman clients, you can switch using the following command:
podman machine set --rootful
API forwarding listening on: /Users/Shared/CLOUD/Programmier-Workshops/Kurse/Haskell/.podman/podman.sock
The system helper service is not installed; the default Docker API socket
address can’t be used by podman. If you would like to install it run the
following commands:
sudo /usr/local/Cellar/podman/4.4.2/bin/podman-mac-helper install
podman machine stop; podman machine start
You can still connect Docker API clients by setting DOCKER_HOST using the
following command in your terminal session:
export DOCKER_HOST='unix:///Users/Shared/CLOUD/Programmier-Workshops/Kurse/Haskell/.podman/podman.sock'
Machine “podman-machine-default” started successfully