.\using_parameter.ps1 : Ein Parameter mit dem Namen "Debug" wurde mehrfach für den Befehl definiert.
In Zeile:1 Zeichen:1
+ .\using_parameter.ps1
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : MetadataError: (:) [], MetadataException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterNameAlreadyExistsForCommand
mvn -U archetype:generate -Dfilter="io.jenkins.archetypes:global-configuration-plugin"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml (14 kB at 32 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml (20 kB at 44 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/maven-metadata.xml
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/maven-metadata.xml (918 B at 18 kB/s)
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.2:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.2:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.2:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode
[INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0)
Choose archetype:
1: remote -> io.jenkins.archetypes:global-configuration-plugin (Skeleton of a Jenkins plugin with a POM and an example piece of global configuration.)
Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): : 1
Choose io.jenkins.archetypes:global-configuration-plugin version:
1: 1.2
2: 1.3
3: 1.4
4: 1.5
5: 1.6
Choose a number: 5:
[INFO] Using property: groupId = unused
Define value for property 'artifactId': com.examples.jenkins.plugins
Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
[INFO] Using property: package = io.jenkins.plugins.sample
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: unused
artifactId: com.examples.jenkins.plugins
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: io.jenkins.plugins.sample
Y: : y
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Archetype: global-configuration-plugin:1.6
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: unused
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: com.examples.jenkins.plugins
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: io.jenkins.plugins.sample
[INFO] Parameter: packageInPathFormat, Value: io/jenkins/plugins/sample
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: io.jenkins.plugins.sample
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: unused
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: com.examples.jenkins.plugins
[INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: /Users/Shared/CLOUD/Kunde.BSH/workspace/SamplePlugin_Config/com.examples.jenkins.plugins
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 45.525 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-03-01T17:28:27+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Verify Plugin
cd com.examples.jenkins.plugins
mvn verify
Run Plugin
mvn hpi:run
Working with Groovy Scripts
Include a common groovy script in Jenkins file
1: Create a common.groovy file with function as needed
def mycommoncode() {
}
2: In the main Jenkinfile load the file and use the function as shown below
node{
def common = load “common.groovy”
common.mycommoncode()
}
Basic example of Loading Groovy scripts
File example.groovy
def example1() {
println 'Hello from example1'
}
def example2() {
println 'Hello from example2'
}
The example.groovy script defines example1 and example2 functions before ending with return this. Note that return this is definitely required and one common mistake is to forget ending the Groovy script with it.Jenkinsfile
Continuing the demo from the last section, we now put the Groovy code into a callable function in a script called “github.groovy”. Then, in our Jenkinsfile, we proceed to load the script and use the function to process JSON response from Github API.github.groovy
The below code snippet we can view the result of using .map versus .switchMap
//user.service.ts
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Http } from '@angular/http';
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/do';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/switchMap';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/filter';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/catch';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/debounceTime';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/distinctUntilChanged';
@Injectable()
export class UserService {
constructor(private http: Http) { }
getUsers(): Observable<any> {
return this.http.get('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users')
//.map(v => v.json());
.switchMap(v => v.json());
}
}
//app.component.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { UserService } from "./user.service";
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'app works!';
constructor(private userService: UserService) {
}
search(term: string) {
this.userService.getUsers()
.subscribe(v => console.log(v));
/*
//we can do this with .switchMap
this.userService.getUsers()
.subscribe(v => {if (v.email != "Sincere@april.biz") {
console.log(v.email);
}});
*/
}
}
Solving the multiple Async Pipe in Angular ≥ 2.0.0 with share operator
Remember to import import "rxjs/add/operator/share"; See reference here.
squareData$: Observable<string> = Observable.range(0, 10)
.map(x => x * x)
.do(x => console.log(`CalculationResult: ${x}`)
.toArray()
.map(squares => squares.join(", "))
.share(); // remove this line: console will log every result 3 times instead of 1
Managing Cold and Hot Observables using publish().refCount() which is similar to .share()
ngOnInit() {
// in angular 2 and above component.ts file add these this.coldObservable();
this.hotObservable();
}
/*
* cold observable is like a recast of video
* */
coldObservable() {
let incrementalObs = Observable.interval(1000).take(10).map(x => x + 1);
incrementalObs.subscribe(val => console.log('a: ' + val));
setTimeout(function() {
incrementalObs.subscribe(val => console.log(' b: ' + val));
}, 4500);
}
/*
* hot observable is like watching a live video
* */
hotObservable() {
let incrementalObs = Observable.interval(1000).take(10).map(x => x + 1).publish().refCount(); //can also use .share()
incrementalObs.subscribe(val => console.log('a: ' + val));
setTimeout(function() {
incrementalObs.subscribe(val => console.log(' b: ' + val));
}, 4500);
}
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
styleUrls: [ './app.component.css' ]
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
title = 'app works!';
obs = Observable.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
ngOnInit() {
this.howToHandleErrorV1();
this.howToHandleErrorV2();
this.howToUseRetry();
this.mergeObservableAndThrowError();
this.mergeObservableAndErrorResumeNext();
this.mergeObservableAndErrorCatch();
}
/*
* This uses Catch for V1. This introduces Closure. It is effectively the same as V2.
* */
howToHandleErrorV1() {
this.obs
.map(x => {
if ( x === 3 ) {
throw 'I hate threes'; // When it hitted error it actually unsubscribe itself at x === 3 of throw error
}
return x;
})
.catch(err => Observable.throw('Caught error here Observable.throw')) // continue go down the error path use Observable.throw
.catch(err => Observable.of('Caught error here Observable.of')) // catch just use Observable.of
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err), // If not catch any where, the I hate threes errors will be propagated to here
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
/*
* There is a difference between V1 and V2. For V2 it is using onErrorResumeNext which
* */
howToHandleErrorV2() {
let good = Observable.of('Caught error here Observable.of');
this.obs
.map(x => {
if ( x === 3 ) {
throw 'I hate threes'; // When it hit error it actually unsubscribe itself at x === 3 of throw error
}
return x;
})
.onErrorResumeNext(good) // To catch just use Observable.of
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err), // If not catch any where, the I hate threes errors will be propagated to here
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
/*
* For this we use see it retries three times then console.error(err);
* So retryWhen is for trying network connection websocket
* */
howToUseRetry() {
this.obs
.map(x => {
if ( x === 3 ) {
throw 'I hate threes'; // When it hitted error it actually unsubscribe itself at x === 3 of throw error
}
return x;
})
.retry(3) // retry three times
.retryWhen(err => err.delay(2000).take(3)) // similar but with 2 seconds delay and the error is not propagated.
.retryWhen(err => err.delay(2000).take(3).concat(Observable.throw('bad'))) // this it would throw an error.
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err), // If not catch any where, the I hate threes errors will be propagated to here
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
/*
* Using observable merge operator
* */
mergeObservableAndThrowError() {
let mergedObs = Observable.merge(
this.obs, //1, 2, 3, 4
Observable.throw('Stop Error'),
Observable.from(this.array), //0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Observable.of(999) //999,
);
mergedObs.subscribe(
val => console.log(val), //this should show 1, 2, 3, 4, Stop Error
error => console.log(error),
() => console.log("completed")
);
}
/* Using observable onErrorResumeNext just like merge operator
* */
mergeObservableAndErrorResumeNext() {
let mergedObs = Observable.onErrorResumeNext(
this.obs, //1, 2, 3, 4
Observable.throw('Stop Error'),
Observable.from(this.array), //0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Observable.of(999) //999,
);
mergedObs.subscribe(
val => console.log(val), //this should show 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 999
error => console.log(error),
() => console.log("completed")
);
}
/*
* Using observable merge operator and catch
* */
mergeObservableAndErrorCatch() {
let mergedObs = Observable.merge(
this.obs, //1, 2, 3, 4
Observable.throw('Stop Error'),
Observable.from(this.array), //0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Observable.of(999) //999,
).catch(e => {
console.log(e);
return Observable.of('catch error here');
});
mergedObs.subscribe(
val => console.log(val), //this should show 1, 2, 3, 4, Stop Error, Catch Error Here
error => console.log(error),
() => console.log("completed")
);
}
}
map vs flatMap in RxJS
Transform the items emitted by an Observable into Observables, then flatten the emissions from those into a single Observable. See my GitHub repo.
obs = Observable.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
ngOnInit() {
this.usingMap();
this.usingMapToMakeInnerObservable();
this.usingMapAndMergeAll();
this.usingFlatMap();
}usingMap() {
this.obs
.map(x => x * 2) // transform the input by multiple of 2
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err),
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
usingMapToMakeInnerObservable() {
this.obs
.map(x => Observable.timer(500).map(() => x + 3)) // transform the input wrapping it with another observable and addition of 3
//.map(x => Observable.timer(500).map((x) => x + 3)) // !!! REMEMBER Not the same as the immediate above
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err),
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
// Map and Merge all is the same as just one FlatMap
usingMapAndMergeAll() {
this.obs
.map(x => Observable.timer(500).map(() => x + 3)) // transform the input wrapping it with another observable and addition of 3
.mergeAll()
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err),
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
// Flat map is the same as map then merge all
// transform the items emitted by an Observable into Observables, then flatten the emissions from those into a single Observable
usingFlatMap() {
this.obs
.flatMap(x => Observable.timer(500).map(() => x + 10)) // transform the input wrapping it with another observable and addition of 10
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x),
err => console.error(err),
() => console.log('done completed')
);
}
Transforming pure Javascript array vs. Observable from array
array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
ngOnInit() {
this.setArrayToObservableThenTransform();
}/*
* This keeps creating new array. It is good that it creates new array of arr for immutability.
* But it's bad because there is clean up and resource intensive for mobile
* */
transformArray() {
let result = this.array
.filter(( x, i, arr ) => {
console.log('filtering ' + x);
console.log('is the source array ' + (arr === this.array));
return x
})
.map(( x, i, arr ) => {
console.log('mapping ' + x);
console.log('is the source array ' + (arr === this.array));
return x + '!';
})
.reduce(( r, x, i, arr ) => {
console.log('reducing ' + x);
return r + x;
}, '--');
console.log(result);
}
/*
* This is more efficient for resource management because it linearly scans and discard when not right
* */
setArrayToObservableThenTransform() { let obsArray = Observable.from(this.array); // Use Observable.from() instead of Observable.of(). There is diff. obsArray
.filter(( x: any ) => {
console.log('filtering ' + x);
return x
})
.map(( x ) => {
console.log('mapping ' + x);
return x + '!';
})
.reduce(( r, x ) => {
console.log('reducing ' + x);
return r + x;
}, '--')
.subscribe(
x => console.log(x)
);
}
array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];ngOnInit() {
this.reduceArray();
this.reduceObservableArray();
this.reduceObservableArray_Abstract2();
this.scanObservableArray();
}
/*
* This is the same as reduceObservableArray()
* */
reduceArray() {
let result = this.array.reduce(
(accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue, 3
); // 3 is the init value.
console.log('reduceArray ' + result); // output 18 => 3 + (0 ... 5)
}
/*
* This is the same as reduceArray()
* But this waits for all the arrays to finish emitting before reducing them to one single number
* See the next method to understand better
* */
reduceObservableArray() {
let obsArray = Observable.from(this.array);
obsArray.reduce(
(accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue, 3
).subscribe(
val => console.log('reduceObservableArray ' + val)
);
}
/*
* The exact same reduce function/method as of reduceObserableArray() above
* This proves that it waits for all 6 numbers to come in then reduce them
* */
reduceObservableArray_Abstract2() {
let obsArray = Observable.interval(1000).take(6); //emits 6 times of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
obsArray.reduce(
(accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue, 3
).subscribe(
val => console.log('reduceObservableArray_Abstract2 ' + val)
);
}
/*
* This is the same as the above reduceObserableArray_Abstract2()
* except this is using scan instead of reduce
* */
scanObservableArray() {
let obsArray = Observable.interval(1000).take(6); //emits 6 times of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
obsArray.scan(
(accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue, 3
).subscribe(
val => console.log('scanObservableArray() ' + val)
);
}
Create, next, and subscribe to Subject and BehaviorSubject
There is a Stack Overflow thread which discussed about the difference between Subject and BehaviorSubject. It’s worth understanding.
import { Subject } from 'rxjs/Subject';
import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs/BehaviorSubject";
// create subject
// there is no need for initial value
subject = new Subject<boolean>();
// create behaviorSubject which require initial value
// true is an initial value. if there is a subscription
// after this, it would get true value immediately
behaviorSubject = new BehaviorSubject<boolean>(true);
ngOnInit() {
this.subject.next(false); /* Subject subscription wont get anything at this point before the subscribeSubject() */ this.subscribeSubject();
this.subscribeBehaviorSubject();
}
/*
* Push the next val into the behavior subject
* */
nextSubject(val: boolean) {
this.subject.next(val);
}
/*
* Any values push into the subject would not be can shown
* before this subscribeSubject() is called
* */
subscribeSubject() {
this.subject
//.take(1) //when we include .take(1) we will have a complete. Without this it will continue subscribing
.subscribe(
val => console.log(val),
err => console.error(err),
() => console.log('completed')
);
}
/*
* This is the proper way to return a subject as observable
* */
getSubject(): Observable<boolean> {
return this.subject.asObservable();
}
/*
* Push the next val into the behavior subject
* */
nextBehaviorSubject(val: boolean) {
this.behaviorSubject.next(val);
}
/*
* For angular Behavior subject for a data service as a angular service often initializes
* before component and behavior subject ensures that the component consuming the
* service receives the last updated data even if there are no new
* updates since the component's subscription to this data.
* */
subscribeBehaviorSubject() {
this.behaviorSubject
// .first()
.subscribe(
val => console.log(val),
err => console.error(err),
() => console.log('completed')
);
}
usingFinallyOperator() {
Observable
.interval(500)
.take(4)
.finally(() => console.log('End of the observable, Hello World'))
.subscribe(
val => console.log('count taker ' + val)
);
}
Stopping / Intercepting Observable
Imagine using Gmail where it allows you to undo email sent? We can produce similar experience with Observable
// subscription is created when an observable is being subscribed
subscription: Subscription;
// boolean variable for showing stop observable using takeWhile operator
isTrue: boolean = true;
/*
* basic interval can be used as delay too
* Imagine Gmail allows you to send and undo send within 4 seconds of sending
* Use Case: Perform an action 8 seconds later then intercept if user choose to undo the action
* */basicInterval() {
let undoInSeconds: number = 8;
this.subscription = Observable
.interval(1000)
.take(undoInSeconds)
.takeWhile(() => this.isTrue)
.subscribe(
(val: number) => {
console.log(`${val + 1} seconds... UNDO`);
( val === (undoInSeconds - 1) ) ? console.log('Email sent / Action performed') : null;
}
);
}
/*
* This is to stop observable from continuing performance
* Use Case: Stop observable from running like how Gmail could undo email being sent
* */stopObservableUsingUnsubscribe() {
if (!!this.subscription) {
this.subscription.unsubscribe();
console.log('subscription: Subscription is unsubscribed');
}
}
/*
* This is also to stop observable from continuing performance
* This method is more preferable than subscribing method then unsubscribe
* Use Case: Stop observable from running like how Gmail could undo email being sent
* */stopObservableUsingTakeWhile() {
this.isTrue = false;
}
Perform conditional Reactive Form validation
This is my approach to performing conditional validation when using Angular. We will minimally manipulate the Observable of RxJS in this example. Let’s try by creating or using app.component.ts.
1 . Create a form that has two form controls reason and otherReason.
/* * Refer to angular official guide at https://angular.io/guide/reactive-forms on how to create reactive form with form controls * */createForm() {
this.form = this.formBuilder.group({ reason: ['', Validators.required ],
otherReason: [''], });
}
2 . Create two methods addValidator and removeValidator.
/* * For conditional form validation use * */
private addValidator( control: AbstractControl, newValidator ){
let existingValidators = control.validator;
control.setValidators(Validators.compose([ existingValidators, newValidator ]));
control.updateValueAndValidity();
}
/* * For conditional form validation use * */
private removeValidator( control: AbstractControl ){
control.clearValidators();
control.updateValueAndValidity();
}
3 . Create third method called conditionalFormValidation.
The outcome should illustrate that if we select ‘Others’ option in the dropdown list of reason, it should make otherReason form control field as required.
Drop-down selection for reason e.g. reason for absent from workOn selecting Others, the conditional form validation would make otherReason field turn into a required field
Perform manual operations after reading from Firebase database
When using AngularFire2 with Angular + Firebase, in getting a list of data from Firebase, we will get one observable instance but within that one observable is an array of N size. We can manually filter the array inside that one observable instance using arr.filter. It is different from RxJS .filter operator. Of course we can also flatten what is inside an array using .flatMap() operator. However, we’re going use JavaScript array filtering, instead of non-observable filtering, right after getting an observable object.
We can also reverse an array using JavaScript array reverse function. See reference. On a side note, using negative timestamp to reverse Firebase display is also another option.
Besides those above, we can also use the response returned from AngularFire2 to perform “local filter/search”. This result can be valuable for autocomplete filtered list or searches. However, this approach below suffers severely in performance issue where at the magnitude of the size of the returned response from AngularFire2. E.g. if the list has N items. It has to iterate at least 1N. Perhaps an average of 2N.
Problem is that getCurrentNavigation returns Navigation only during the navigation and returns null after the navigation ended. So the Navigationis no longer available in Component’s B onInit lifecycle hook. We need to read the data from browser’s history object:
history.state.data
Extract Data from Routes with ActivatedRoute
When working with dynamic data, you need to extract the params from the URL.
For example, you might want to read from the database when the user navigates to /items/:id, using the ID from the route to make a query.
Angular has an ActivatedRoute service that allows us to grab information from the current route as a plain object or Observable.
Finding the right path is a sequential process in search all entries in route[] and select the first with a matting path. So, in our wrong example, every path matches the common pattern ‘**’.
Solution: Put this matting pattenr at the end of the routes[] array
Finally, inject it into any of your components or pages:
import { Storage } from '@ionic/storage';
export class MyApp {
constructor(private storage: Storage) {
storage.set('name', 'Max');
storage.get('age').then((val) => {
console.log('Your age is', val);
});
}
}
Let’s imagine we have a HomePage component that looks like this and we want to close the menu when an item is clicked.
<ion-menu>
</ion-menu>
Our goal is to access the ion-menu from the TypeScript code so we can call its API methods, like open() and close().
import { Component, ViewChild } from '@angular/core';
import { Menu } from '@ionic/angular';
@Component(...)
export class HomePage {
@ViewChild(Menu, {static: false})) menu: Menu;
onDrag() {
this.menu.close();
}
}
Explanation:
{ static: false }
If you set static false, the component ALWAYS gets initialized after the view initialization in time for the ngAfterViewInit/ngAfterContentInit callback functions.
{ static: true}
If you set static true, the initialization will take place at the view initialization at ngOnInit
Shortcut: Use Template Variables
There’s actually a very convenient shortcut to using ViewChild in a component. We never have to leave the HTML by setting a template variable in Angular. In this example we reference the menu component with a hashtag and variable name #mymenu.
ViewChildren is almost the same, but it will grab all elements that match this component and return them as an Array.
import { Component, ViewChildren } from '@angular/core';
import { Fab } from '@ionic/angular';
@Component(...)
export class HomePage {
@ViewChildren(Fab, {static: false})) fabs: Fab[];
closeFirst() {
this.fabs[0].close();
}
}
Now that you know about ViewChild, you should have no problem accessing the API methods found on Ionic’s web components.
Loops in HTML Elements
<ul>
<li *ngFor="let number of [0,1,2,3,4]">
{{number}}
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li *ngFor='#key of [1,2]'>
{{key}}
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li *ngFor='#val of "0123".split("")'>{{val}}</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li *ngFor='#val of counter(5) ;#i= index'>{{i}}</li>
</ul>
export class AppComponent {
demoNumber = 5 ;
counter = Array;
numberReturn(length){
return new Array(length);
}
}
Display Array
<ion-grid class="board">
<ion-row *ngFor="let r of [0,1,2]">
<ion-col col-4 class="cell" *ngFor="let c of [0,1,2]" (click)="handle(c+r*3)">
{{squares[c+r*3]}}
</ion-col>
</ion-row>
</ion-grid>
Now that Bootstrap 4 is flexbox by default,vertical alignment gets a little easier. In general, there are 3 different approaches to vertical alignment…
At first, the “Vertical Align” utilities would seem an obvious choice, but these only work with inline and table display elements. Consider the following vertical alignment options and scenarios.
In general, there are 2 types of vertical alignment scenarios you’ll encounter…
vertical centering within a parent container.
or, vertical centering relative to adjacent elements.
1. Vertical Center Using Auto Margins
One way to vertically center is to use my-auto. This will center the element within it’s flexbox container (The Bootstrap 4 .row is display:flex). For example, h-100 makes the row full height, and my-auto will vertically center the col-sm-12 column.
Since the Bootstrap 4 .row class is now display:flex you can simply use the new align-self-center flexbox utility on any column to vertically center it:
Bootstrap 4 has now has display utils that are used a wrapper for the CSS display propery such asdisplay:block, display:inline, display:table-cell, display:none, etc.. These can be used with the vertical alignment utilsto align inline, inline-block or table cell elements.
<div class="row h-50">
<div class="col-sm-12 h-100 d-table">
<div class="card card-block d-table-cell align-middle">
I am groot
</div>
</div>
</div>
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