Scripts

Parameter in a Powershell Script

param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]  [string] $folder = "",
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [string] $type,
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [switch] $migrate,
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [switch] $help
)

Call the Script

.\script.ps1 foldername
.\script.ps1 foldername -type=folder

.\script.ps1 foldername -type=folder -migrate

Parameter Debug and Verbose

This parameter could not be defined in a script, because they are already present.

param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [switch] $debug
)

.\using_parameter.ps1 : Ein Parameter mit dem Namen "Debug" wurde mehrfach für den Befehl definiert.
In Zeile:1 Zeichen:1
+ .\using_parameter.ps1
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : MetadataError: (:) [], MetadataException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterNameAlreadyExistsForCommand

To access their values, use

param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [switch] $help
)

$debug   = $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Debug')
$verbose = $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Verbose')

Write-Host "help    = $help"
Write-Host "debug   = $debug"
Write-Host "verbose = $verbose"

> .\using_parameter.ps1  -debug -help
help    = True
debug   = True
verbose = False
> .\using_parameter.ps1  -debug 
help    = False
debug   = True
verbose = False
> .\using_parameter.ps1  -debug -verbose
help    = False
debug   = True
verbose = True

String

Converting String to TitleCase

function toTitleCase($string) {
    return $string.substring(0,1).toupper()+$string.substring(1).tolower()

}

Filesystem

List of Files in a Folder

(ls -r *.txt).fullname

Get-ChildItem -recurse -Filter .editorconfig -path . | % { $_.fullname }

dir -Path . -Filter ProfileInformationController* -Recurse | %{$_.FullName}

Counting Files

Using  Scripting.FileSystemObject

$objFSO = New-Object -com  Scripting.FileSystemObject
$objFSO.GetFolder($folder).Files.Count

Find a Folders within a Folder (not recursive)

(Get-ChildItem --Attributes Directory).Name

Run Command for each Folder

(Get-ChildItem  -Attributes Directory).Name | % { <COMMAND> $_ }

With Enumerator

[IO.Directory]::EnumerateFiles($folder) | ForEach-Object {
    Write-Host $_
}

Find all folders with Pattern

Get-ChildItem -recurse -depth 2 -directory -path ..\packages_flutter | `
Where-Object { $_.FullName -match 'example' }                        | `
% { $_.FullName .split('\')[-2] } | `
% { junction $_  ..\packages_flutter\packages\$_\example }

Delete files with pattern

Get-ChildItem *.code -recurse | foreach { Remove-Item -Path $_.FullName }

Get-ChildItem -Path C:Temp -Include *.* -File -Recurse | foreach { $_.Delete()}

Files

Filename and Extension of File with Split-Path

Filename

Split-Path -Path <PATH> -Leaf

Folder

Split-Path -Path <PATH>

Extension

Split-Path -Path <PATH> -Extension

Create File

New-Item new.txt -type file

Loop through entries of a textfile

Get-Content list-of-folders | Where-Object {$_ -NotMatch "#.*" } | ForEach-Object { 
    .\check_folder.ps1$_
    # Write-Host "Weiter -->" -NoNewLine
    # $key = $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey()
}

Loop through results from Select-String

Here is an example that greps for a string and uses the results in a loop to determine if some action should be taken

$pattern = "powershell"
$files = Select-String -Path "d:\script\*.txt" -Pattern $pattern
foreach ($file in $files) {
   $filename=$file.Filename
   $item = get-item $file.Path
    "File '{0}' matches the pattern '{1}'" -f $item.FullName, $pattern
    "It was last modified on {0}" -f $item.LastWriteTime
 
   $response = Read-Host -Prompt "Set the archive bit on this file?" 
   If ($response -eq 'Y') {
      $item.attributes="Archive"
   }
}

Check if a file exist

Test-Path $PROFILE

Searching in Files

Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Select-String "dummy" -List | Select Path

Get-ChildItem -Recurse *.sql | Select-String "create .*_tab_" | Select-Object -Unique Path

Select-String -path *.txt -pattern PowerShell

Select-String -path *.txt -pattern PowerShell -notmatch

Parsing Files

Get first line of output

$eventResult.Split([Environment]::NewLine) | Select -First 1

Web

Download Web-Page

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri <link>

List all Links

$response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri <link>
$response.links | Select -Expand href

List all Links with filtering href by RegEx

$response.Links | Where-Object {$_.href -like "*videos*" } | ForEach-Object { $_.href }

List all Links with filtering class name by RegEx

$response.Links | Where-Object {$_.class -eq "page-numbers"} | Format-List innerText, href

Download and Install Visual Studio Code in portable Mode

$FOLDER=Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm"

Write-Host "Create link for folder $FOLDER"


# Download
# https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=win32-x64-archive
# https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=insider&os=win32-x64-archive

$LINK="https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=insider&os=win32-x64-archive"
$FILE="vscode-insider.zip"

if (Test-Path "$FILE") {
	Remove-Item "$FILE"
}

Invoke-WebRequest "$LINK" -OutFile "$FILE"

Expand-Archive "$FILE" "$FOLDER"

if (Test-Path $FOLDER\data)
{
	Remove-Item $FOLDER\data
}


if (Test-Path code) { Remove-Item code }

# Using junction from SysInternalsSuite to create symlinks

junction code $FOLDER
junction code\data data

Environment

Show env variables

gci env:* | Sort-Object Name

Show env variables with name pattern

gci env: | Where name -like '*HOME

Processes

List Processes and Path

Get-Process | Select-Object Path

Show processes using a specific port

Get-Process -Id (Get-NetTCPConnection -LocalPort YourPortNumberHere).OwningProcess

Network

Pipeline

Parse out from command

$REPOSITORY=<URL of Repository>
git branch -r | ForEach-Object { Write-Output "git clone -b $_ $REPOSITORY $_" } | Out-File -FilePath .clone-all-branches

Permissions

Show current policy

Get-ExecutionPolicy

Allow custom scripts to execute

Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser unrestricted

Security

Self-Sign a script

Step 1: Create your code signing certificate

New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName user@via-internet.de `
                          -CertStoreLocation Cert:\currentuser\my  `
                          -Subject "CN=Local Code Signing"  `
                          -KeyAlgorithm RSA  `
                          -KeyLength 2048  `
                          -Provider "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider"  `
                          -KeyExportPolicy Exportable  `
                          -KeyUsage DigitalSignature  `
                          -Type CodeSigningCert

Step 2: Open the Certificate Manager for Current User

certmgr /s my

Step 3: Copy the new certificate to the appropriate cert stores

From Personal folder into Trusted Root Certification Authorities and into Trusted Publishers stores.

German: Von Eigene Zertifikate nach Vertrauenswürdige Stammzertifizierungsstellen und Vertrauenswürdige Herausgeber

Step 4: Sign your PowerShell script with the new cert

$CERT=@(Get-ChildItem cert:\CurrentUser\My -CodeSigning)[1]
Set-AuthenticodeSignature .\HelloWorld.ps1 $CERT

Or

❯ Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath .\HelloWorld.ps1 -Certificate (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:CurrentUserMy -CodeSigningCert)

Final Check

❯ Get-AuthenticodeSignature .\HelloWorld.ps1

Github

Download Repositories

gh repo list <github username> --limit 1000 | % { $_.split("`t")[0] }| Select-String -NoEmphasis <pattern> | % { git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/$_ }

Profiles

Different PowerShell profiles

Show Path for all profiles

$PROFILE | Format-List * -Force

Create a new profile

New-Item $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts -ItemType file -Force

Customizing

Theming

https://ohmyposh.dev/

Install Posh-Git and Oh-My-Posh.

Install-Module posh-git   -Scope CurrentUser
Install-Module oh-my-posh -Scope CurrentUser

Install-Module -Name PSReadLine -AllowPrerelease -Scope CurrentUser -Force -SkipPublisherCheck

Then run “notepad $PROFILE” and add these lines to the end:

Import-Module posh-git
Import-Module oh-my-posh

Set-Theme Paradox

Set a custom theme

Import-Module posh-git
Import-Module oh-my-posh
Set-Theme Paradox

Show current theme settings

$ThemeSettings

$ThemeSettings.CurrentThemeLocation

Customize Prompt

Show current Path

function prompt
{
    "PS " + $(get-location) + "> "
}

Randor Color

function prompt
{
    $random = new-object random
    $color=[System.ConsoleColor]$random.next(1,16)
    Write-Host ("PS " + $(get-location) +">") -nonewline -foregroundcolor $color
    return " "
}

Display current time at the end of prompt line (this will mess up you console buffer)

function prompt
{
    $oldposition = $host.ui.rawui.CursorPosition
    $Endline = $oldposition
    $Endline.X+=60
    $host.ui.rawui.CursorPosition = $Endline
    Write-Host $(get-date).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    $host.ui.rawui.CursorPosition = $oldposition
    Write-Host ("PS " + $(get-location) +">") -nonewline -foregroundcolor Magenta
    return " "
}

Show current user, host, current line number

$global:CurrentUser = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
function prompt
{
    $host.ui.rawui.WindowTitle = $CurrentUser.Name + " " + $Host.Name + " " + $Host.Version + " Line: " + $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition.Y
    Write-Host ("PS " + $(get-location) +">") -nonewline -foregroundcolor Magenta
    return " "
}

Weitere Anpassungsmöglichkeiten

https://www.norlunn.net/2019/10/07/powershell-customize-the-prompt/

Security

❯ New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName user@via-internet.de -CertStoreLocation Cert:CurrentUserMy -Type CodeSigning

   PSParentPath: Microsoft.PowerShell.SecurityCertificate::CurrentUserMy

Thumbprint                                Subject              EnhancedKeyUsageList
----------                                -------              --------------------
4AED871E6DB5FF3E85EB1625C5369DBDB3E120FD  CN=user@via-interne… Codesignatur

❯ Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath demo.ps1 -Certificate (Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:CurrentUserMy -CodeSigningCert)

    Directory: D:TMP

SignerCertificate                         Status                               StatusMessage                     Path
-----------------                         ------                               -------------                     ----
4AED871E6DB5FF3E85EB1625C5369DBDB3E120FD  Valid                                Signature verified.               demo.ps1

Final Check

❯ Get-AuthenticodeSignature .demo.ps1

    Directory: D:CLOUDEnvironmentsKeycloakKeycloak12.0.1bin

SignerCertificate                         Status                                StatusMessage                    Path
-----------------                         ------                                -------------                    ---
4AED871E6DB5FF3E85EB1625C5369DBDB3E120FD  Valid                                 Signature verified.              demo.ps1

From Bash to Powershell

• https://mathieubuisson.github.io/powershell-linux-bash/

Alias for WHICH command

❯ (get-command FILE.EXE).Path

❯ Set-Alias where Get-Command
❯ where FILE.EXE

Snippets

Formatting

0..31 | ForEach-Object { 
    "{0,6}`t{1,6}`t{2,5}`t0x{0:X4}" -f $_,[Convert]::ToString($_,2), [Convert]::ToString($_,8) 
}

Select a Service By Name (Partial Match)

> Get-Service | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name | Select-String -pattern 'ws'

CURL For Powershell

> (Invoke-WebRequest www.google.com).Content

List Environment Variables

> gci env: | sort name

Get PS Version

> $PSVersionTable

List Installed Programs

> Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Product

Colored Header in Output

$prefix ="$prefix                   ".Substring(0,6)
$title  ="$title                    ".Substring(0,15)

$line = "$prefix ${title}: ${line}"
$fill = " " * ([Console]::WindowWidth - $line.length)
Write-Host "${line}${fill}"  -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor Blue -NoNewline