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26. August 2020

Rust | Getting Started

uploads/2021/08/rust-cookbook-1.png

Introduction

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language focused on performance and safety, especially safe concurrency. Rust is syntactically similar to C++, and provides memory safety without using garbage collection.

Rust was originally designed by Graydon Hoare at Mozilla Research.

It has gained increasing use in industry and is now Microsoft’s language of choice for secure and safety-critical software components.

Rust has been the „most loved programming language“ in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey every year since 2016.

Rust could be used in different areas

  • Web Assembly
  • Embedded Programming
  • Command Line Utilities
  • Operating System Developmend (see Redox OS)

Read more

Installation

Rustup

Download install script and run it

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

Modify .bashrc to add Rust path to PATH

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">source $HOME/.cargo/env

Other way to install Rust on MacOS

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">brew install rust

Create and run your first App

Create the app

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="shell" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ cargo new hello_world
$ cd hello_world

Show folder structure

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ tree .
.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
└── src
    └── main.rs

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">1 directory, 3 files

Show main source file

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="rust" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
}

Build your app

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="shell" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ cargo build
Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (.../hello_world)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 6.32s

Or build a production ready version

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="shell" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ cargo build --release<br>Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.19s

Run your app

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="shell" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ cargo run
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.04s
Running `target/debug/hello_world
Hello, world!

Add functionality to your app

Add Dependencies

Let’s add a dependency to our application. You can find all sorts of libraries on crates.io, the package registry for Rust. In Rust, we often refer to packages as “crates.”

In this project, we’ll use a crate called ferris-says.

In our Cargo.toml file we’ll add this information (that we got from the crate page):

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="rust" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">[dependencies]
ferris-says = "0.1"

Modify main source

Now let’s write a small application with our new dependency. In our main.rs, add the following code:

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="rust" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">use ferris_says::say; // from the previous step
use std::io::{stdout, BufWriter};

fn main() {
    let stdout = stdout();
    let message = String::from("Hello fellow Rustaceans!");
    let width = message.chars().count();

    let mut writer = BufWriter::new(stdout.lock());
    say(message.as_bytes(), width, &mut writer).unwrap();
}

Run App

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ cargo build
    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded object v0.20.0
  Downloaded textwrap v0.11.0
  Downloaded adler v0.2.3
  Downloaded ansi_term v0.11.0
  Downloaded miniz_oxide v0.4.1
  Downloaded gimli v0.22.0
  Downloaded strsim v0.8.0
  Downloaded error-chain v0.10.0
  Downloaded vec_map v0.8.2
  Downloaded clap v2.33.3
  Downloaded smallvec v0.4.5
  Downloaded ferris-says v0.1.2
  Downloaded backtrace v0.3.50
  Downloaded rustc-demangle v0.1.16
  Downloaded addr2line v0.13.0
  Downloaded 15 crates (1.4 MB) in 1.65s
   Compiling libc v0.2.76
   Compiling bitflags v1.2.1
   Compiling gimli v0.22.0
   Compiling adler v0.2.3
   Compiling rustc-demangle v0.1.16
   Compiling unicode-width v0.1.8
   Compiling object v0.20.0
   Compiling cfg-if v0.1.10
   Compiling strsim v0.8.0
   Compiling vec_map v0.8.2
   Compiling ansi_term v0.11.0
   Compiling smallvec v0.4.5
   Compiling textwrap v0.11.0
   Compiling miniz_oxide v0.4.1
   Compiling addr2line v0.13.0
   Compiling atty v0.2.14
   Compiling backtrace v0.3.50
   Compiling clap v2.33.3
   Compiling error-chain v0.10.0
   Compiling ferris-says v0.1.2
   Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (.../hello_world)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 14.73s

Run your app

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">$ cargo run
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.14s
       Running`target/debug/hello_world`

<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-group="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-language="shell" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-title="">----------------------------
| Hello fellow Rustaceans! |
----------------------------
              \
               \
                  _~^~^~_
              \) /  o o  \ (/
                '_   -   _'
                / '-----' \

Next steps

Read Getting Started on rust homepage

Explore Learn Rust

Next Readings

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